The input you take in the pixel shader must match the output of the vertex shader. In the case of a SpriteEffect the vertex shader is the one used by SpriteBatch. Its output is the following:
struct VertexShaderOutput
{
float4 Position : SV_POSITION;
float4 Color : COLOR0;
float2 TextureCoordinates : TEXCOORD0;
};
If you modify your code to make that the type of the input, does it fix your issue?