I asked a similar question a year ago and also got no response. I don’t think there’s a way to do it within MonoGame, at least not since SDL was implemented in MG 3.6. You might be able to search out DLLs on the user’s PC to find these values, but that might not be easy to figure out.
Something I just thought of (and haven’t tested), you could try using try/catch blocks to set features like BlendState.IndependentBlendEnable, which are OpenGL 4.0 only. If it works, the machine supports GL 4.0; if it fails, it’s not supported. This is just a theory of course. You will have to get creative to find those values since they seemingly can’t be found through MonoGame.